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[[File:Evstafiev-neo-bolsheviks.jpg|thumb|[[Russian Federation|Russian]] [[National Bolshevik Party|National Bolsheviks]] in a demonstration. ]] | [[File:Evstafiev-neo-bolsheviks.jpg|thumb|[[Russian Federation|Russian]] [[National Bolshevik Party|National Bolsheviks]] in a demonstration. ]] | ||
''' | '''Syncretism''' are political tendencies that adopt nominally [[Socialism|socialist]] economics and [[Revolution|revolutionary]] symbols while upholding culturally and socially [[reactionary]] and [[Chauvinism|chauvinistic]] positions. Syncretic ideologies are socialist only in symbols and rhetoric but reactionary in effective policies and actions, usually bearing far more in common with open [[fascism]]. The false usage of socialist rhetoric and symbols while seeking reactionary, counter-revolutionary aims is a core aspect of fascist movements. | ||
==Tendencies== | |||
The following are tendencies associated with syncretism. | |||
=== National Bolshevism === | |||
{{Main|National Bolshevism}} | |||
National Bolshevism combines ultranationalism and (in most instances) racism with pseudo-Bolshevist rhetoric and symbols. | |||
National Bolshevism has been mostly considered an internet meme but exists, particularly in Russia, as a real movement. | |||
National Bolshevism started in [[Weimar Republic|Weimar Germany]] from [[Karl Otto Paetel]] when he published a book known as the ''National Bolshevist Manifesto''. The most well-known iteration of National Bolshevism was popularised by [[Eduard Limonov]] and [[Aleksandr Dugin]] within the context of [[Russian Federation|post-Soviet Russia]]. | |||
===Prussian socialism=== | |||
Prussian socialism maintains 19th century German nationalism and claims to be economically socialist. This ideology could be described as a precursor to Strasserism and Paetelist National Bolshevism. | |||
===The Fourth Political Theory=== | |||
The Fourth Political Theory is an ultranationalist ideology developed by Russian philosopher Aleksandr Dugin. The Fourth Political Theory, also known as neo-Eurasiaism, believes in a unified Eurasian state consisting of the continents of Europe and Asia. | |||
===National Syndicalism=== | |||
National Syndicalism is a class collaborationist and a culturally right wing ideology, based upon the beliefs and thinking of [[Georges Sorel]]. It opposes capitalism, liberalism, and atheism. National Syndicalism was originally a socialist ideology but would later develop into a form of fascism. | |||
===Nazi-Maoism=== | |||
{{Main|Nazi-Maoism}} | |||
"Nazi Maoism" is an ideology that originates from a movement known as "Struggle of the People" which was started in [[Italy]] in 1968. Nazi Maoism still largely believes in the [[Maoism|Maoist]] guerrilla strategy of [[Protracted People's War|people's war]], of which they aim to use in order to overthrow the government. After which they will establish a "fascist-socialist" state. | |||
===Peronism=== | |||
{{main|Peronism}} | |||
Peronism, also known as justicialism, comes from [[Argentine]] ruler [[Juan Perón]]. Peronism maintains strongly anti-communist, paternalist, and authoritarian features while still seeking certain aspects of social democracy. This ideology has been viewed as an example of quasi-fascism. | |||
===Gaddafism=== | |||
Gaddafism also known as Third International Theory is an ideology that comes from the beliefs of | |||
former [[Libya]]n president [[Muammar Gaddafi]]. It believes in a mixed economy with a democratic state and contains ultranationalism and some similarities to [[Ba'athism]] and other forms of [[Arab socialism]]. | |||
===Syrian Social Nationalism=== | |||
Syrian Social Nationalism is an ideology which aims to nationalise the region of the Levant and Mesopotamia to create a unitary and centralised Social Nationalist state within the geographical boundaries of the Fertile Crescent, also referred to as Greater Syria. Syrian Social Nationalism founded by [[Antoun Saadeh]] who was both an anti-communist and anti-capitalist, advocating for an economic third position. Antoun Saadeh was very philosophical, culturally right-wing and places a large emphasis on hierarchy, authority and order. Historically, it has been a revolutionary ideology opposing European colonialism and Zionism, going as far using suicide bombers against Israeli military targets. Saadeh believes in equality and secularism. | |||
===National Anarchism=== | |||
National anarchism is an ultranationalist ideology which advocates racial separatism, racial nationalism, and ethnonationalism. National anarchists claim to syncretize neotribal ethnic nationalism with philosophical anarchism, mainly in their support for a stateless society while rejecting left-wing anarchist social philosophy. The main ideological innovation of national anarchism is its anti-state palingenetic ultranationalism. National-anarchists advocate homogeneous communities in place of the nation state. National-anarchists claim that those of different ethnic or racial groups would be free to develop separately in their own tribal communes while striving to be politically meritocratic, economically non-capitalist, ecologically sustainable and socially and culturally traditional. National-Anarchism opposes both Marxism and Capitalism instead going for autonomous communes that should be run in a mutualist style. | |||
===Ethnocacerism=== | |||
Ethnocacerismo is based on a radical indigenism and also places a lot of emphasis on the racial supremacy of the indigenous peoples and a strong military. The ideology comes from a movement in Peru that was started in 1987 called "Ethnocacerist movement". | |||
=== Patriotic Socialism === | |||
{{Main|Patriotic Socialism}} | |||
An ideology which is almost exclusive to the United States, followers of this trend seek to use extreme American nationalism and chauvinism to apply their highly petite-bourgeois understanding of socialism to the material conditions of the USA. | |||
"Patriotic Socialism" and particularly its subideologies like "MAGA Communism" maintain most of the reactionary positions of the far-right, including homophobia, transphobia, anti-indigenous sentiment, anti-semitism, etc., and seek to preserve private ownership of the means of production while simply removing the "bad" elites and replacing them with the "good" ones, and otherwise embracing petite-bourgeois ideology. | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Fascism]] | * [[Fascism]] | ||
* [[Eclecticism]] | |||
* [[Social-fascism]] | |||
* [[National Bolshevism]] | * [[National Bolshevism]] | ||
* [[Third position]] | * [[Third position]] | ||
[[Category:Fascism]] | [[Category:Fascism]] | ||
[[Category:Ideology]] | [[Category:Ideology]] | ||
[[Category:Politics]] | [[Category:Politics]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:27, 21 October 2025
Syncretism are political tendencies that adopt nominally socialist economics and revolutionary symbols while upholding culturally and socially reactionary and chauvinistic positions. Syncretic ideologies are socialist only in symbols and rhetoric but reactionary in effective policies and actions, usually bearing far more in common with open fascism. The false usage of socialist rhetoric and symbols while seeking reactionary, counter-revolutionary aims is a core aspect of fascist movements.
Tendencies
The following are tendencies associated with syncretism.
National Bolshevism
National Bolshevism combines ultranationalism and (in most instances) racism with pseudo-Bolshevist rhetoric and symbols. National Bolshevism has been mostly considered an internet meme but exists, particularly in Russia, as a real movement. National Bolshevism started in Weimar Germany from Karl Otto Paetel when he published a book known as the National Bolshevist Manifesto. The most well-known iteration of National Bolshevism was popularised by Eduard Limonov and Aleksandr Dugin within the context of post-Soviet Russia.
Prussian socialism
Prussian socialism maintains 19th century German nationalism and claims to be economically socialist. This ideology could be described as a precursor to Strasserism and Paetelist National Bolshevism.
The Fourth Political Theory
The Fourth Political Theory is an ultranationalist ideology developed by Russian philosopher Aleksandr Dugin. The Fourth Political Theory, also known as neo-Eurasiaism, believes in a unified Eurasian state consisting of the continents of Europe and Asia.
National Syndicalism
National Syndicalism is a class collaborationist and a culturally right wing ideology, based upon the beliefs and thinking of Georges Sorel. It opposes capitalism, liberalism, and atheism. National Syndicalism was originally a socialist ideology but would later develop into a form of fascism.
Nazi-Maoism
"Nazi Maoism" is an ideology that originates from a movement known as "Struggle of the People" which was started in Italy in 1968. Nazi Maoism still largely believes in the Maoist guerrilla strategy of people's war, of which they aim to use in order to overthrow the government. After which they will establish a "fascist-socialist" state.
Peronism
Peronism, also known as justicialism, comes from Argentine ruler Juan Perón. Peronism maintains strongly anti-communist, paternalist, and authoritarian features while still seeking certain aspects of social democracy. This ideology has been viewed as an example of quasi-fascism.
Gaddafism
Gaddafism also known as Third International Theory is an ideology that comes from the beliefs of former Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi. It believes in a mixed economy with a democratic state and contains ultranationalism and some similarities to Ba'athism and other forms of Arab socialism.
Syrian Social Nationalism
Syrian Social Nationalism is an ideology which aims to nationalise the region of the Levant and Mesopotamia to create a unitary and centralised Social Nationalist state within the geographical boundaries of the Fertile Crescent, also referred to as Greater Syria. Syrian Social Nationalism founded by Antoun Saadeh who was both an anti-communist and anti-capitalist, advocating for an economic third position. Antoun Saadeh was very philosophical, culturally right-wing and places a large emphasis on hierarchy, authority and order. Historically, it has been a revolutionary ideology opposing European colonialism and Zionism, going as far using suicide bombers against Israeli military targets. Saadeh believes in equality and secularism.
National Anarchism
National anarchism is an ultranationalist ideology which advocates racial separatism, racial nationalism, and ethnonationalism. National anarchists claim to syncretize neotribal ethnic nationalism with philosophical anarchism, mainly in their support for a stateless society while rejecting left-wing anarchist social philosophy. The main ideological innovation of national anarchism is its anti-state palingenetic ultranationalism. National-anarchists advocate homogeneous communities in place of the nation state. National-anarchists claim that those of different ethnic or racial groups would be free to develop separately in their own tribal communes while striving to be politically meritocratic, economically non-capitalist, ecologically sustainable and socially and culturally traditional. National-Anarchism opposes both Marxism and Capitalism instead going for autonomous communes that should be run in a mutualist style.
Ethnocacerism
Ethnocacerismo is based on a radical indigenism and also places a lot of emphasis on the racial supremacy of the indigenous peoples and a strong military. The ideology comes from a movement in Peru that was started in 1987 called "Ethnocacerist movement".
Patriotic Socialism
An ideology which is almost exclusive to the United States, followers of this trend seek to use extreme American nationalism and chauvinism to apply their highly petite-bourgeois understanding of socialism to the material conditions of the USA.
"Patriotic Socialism" and particularly its subideologies like "MAGA Communism" maintain most of the reactionary positions of the far-right, including homophobia, transphobia, anti-indigenous sentiment, anti-semitism, etc., and seek to preserve private ownership of the means of production while simply removing the "bad" elites and replacing them with the "good" ones, and otherwise embracing petite-bourgeois ideology.