List of revisionist tendencies: Difference between revisions

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!Founder(s)
!Founder(s)
!Revision(s)
!Revision(s)
|-
|[[Bersteinism]]
|1900s
|[[Eduard Bernstein]]
|Rejection of [[revolution]], reformism
|-
|-
|[[Kautskyism]]
|[[Kautskyism]]
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|[[Karl Kautsky]]
|[[Karl Kautsky]]
|Denial of [[imperialism]], [[reformism]]<ref>Vladimir Lenin (1918). ''The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky''.</ref>
|Denial of [[imperialism]], [[reformism]]<ref>Vladimir Lenin (1918). ''The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky''.</ref>
|-
|[[Bersteinism]]
|1900s
|[[Eduard Bernstein]]
|Rejection of [[revolution]], reformism
|-
|-
|[[Council communism]]{{Efn|Also known as the Dutch-German "left."}}
|[[Council communism]]{{Efn|Also known as the Dutch-German "left."}}
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|[[Leon Trotsky]]
|[[Leon Trotsky]]
|Denial of [[socialism in one country]], [[democratic centralism]], distortions of [[permanent revolution]]<ref>Joseph Stalin (1924). ''Trotskyism or Leninism?''.</ref>
|Denial of [[socialism in one country]], [[democratic centralism]], distortions of [[permanent revolution]]<ref>Joseph Stalin (1924). ''Trotskyism or Leninism?''.</ref>
|-
|[[Bordigism]]{{Efn|Also known as the Italian "left."}}
|1920s
|[[Amadeo Bordiga]]
|Denial of democratic centralism, socialism in one country, and the [[Socialism|lower stage of socialism]]<ref>Amadeo Bordiga (1922). ''The Democratic Principle''.<blockquote>"Democracy cannot be a principle for us. Centralism is indisputably one, since the essential characteristics of party organization must be unity of structure and action."</blockquote></ref><ref>Amadeo Bordiga (1951). ''Fundamental Theses of the Party''.<blockquote>"It was only within the guidelines of the invariant basis of this program that it was possible to add several points concerning our analysis of fascism, and more generally of the increasingly fascist nature of modern capitalist society, and concerning the relations between the world proletarian party and the state which is born as a result of the revolutionary victory, renouncing all the treachery and deceit of such an idea as “socialism in one country”.
</blockquote></ref>
|-
|[[Titoism]]
|1940s
|[[Josip Broz Tito]]
|Denial of [[Marxism-Leninism]], the [[vanguard party]], and the preservation of [[bourgeois nationalism]] and private enterprise.
|-
|[[Soviet revisionism|Khrushchevism]]
|1950s
|[[Nikita Khrushchev]]
|Denial of the existence of class struggle under socialism, antagonistic classes in the [[Soviet Union]], [[Stalin]] as a [[Classics of Marxism|classic of Marxism]], and the arbiter of the [[restoration of capitalism in the Soviet Union]].<ref>Mao Zedong (1958). ''On Khrushchov’s Phoney Communism and Its Historical Lessons for the World''.</ref>
|-
|[[Dengism]]
|1980s
|[[Deng Xiaoping]]
|Denial of the [[Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution]], [[Mao Zedong]] and [[Mao Zedong Thought]]; the theoretical base of [[Chinese revisionism]], and the arbiter of the [[restoration of capitalism in the People's Republic of China]].<ref>[[Library:China: A Modern Social-Imperialist Power|''China: A Modern Social-Imperialist Power'']] (2017).</ref>
|}
|}
==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 02:05, 18 January 2026

The following is an incomplete list of revisionist tendencies and a brief summary of their deviations from Marxism (today Marxist–Leninism–Maoism).

List of revisionist tendencies
Name Date of foundation Founder(s) Revision(s)
Bersteinism 1900s Eduard Bernstein Rejection of revolution, reformism
Kautskyism 1910s Karl Kautsky Denial of imperialism, reformism[1]
Council communism[a] 1910–1920s Anton Pannekoek et al. Denial of the dictatorship of the proletariat and vanguard party[2]
Trotskyism 1920s Leon Trotsky Denial of socialism in one country, democratic centralism, distortions of permanent revolution[3]
Bordigism[b] 1920s Amadeo Bordiga Denial of democratic centralism, socialism in one country, and the lower stage of socialism[4][5]
Titoism 1940s Josip Broz Tito Denial of Marxism-Leninism, the vanguard party, and the preservation of bourgeois nationalism and private enterprise.
Khrushchevism 1950s Nikita Khrushchev Denial of the existence of class struggle under socialism, antagonistic classes in the Soviet Union, Stalin as a classic of Marxism, and the arbiter of the restoration of capitalism in the Soviet Union.[6]
Dengism 1980s Deng Xiaoping Denial of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought; the theoretical base of Chinese revisionism, and the arbiter of the restoration of capitalism in the People's Republic of China.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Vladimir Lenin (1918). The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky.
  2. ↑ Vladimir Lenin (1920). "Left-Wing" Communism: an Infantile Disorder.
  3. ↑ Joseph Stalin (1924). Trotskyism or Leninism?.
  4. ↑ Amadeo Bordiga (1922). The Democratic Principle.

    "Democracy cannot be a principle for us. Centralism is indisputably one, since the essential characteristics of party organization must be unity of structure and action."
  5. ↑ Amadeo Bordiga (1951). Fundamental Theses of the Party.

    "It was only within the guidelines of the invariant basis of this program that it was possible to add several points concerning our analysis of fascism, and more generally of the increasingly fascist nature of modern capitalist society, and concerning the relations between the world proletarian party and the state which is born as a result of the revolutionary victory, renouncing all the treachery and deceit of such an idea as “socialism in one country”.

  6. ↑ Mao Zedong (1958). On Khrushchov’s Phoney Communism and Its Historical Lessons for the World.
  7. ↑ China: A Modern Social-Imperialist Power (2017).

Notes

  1. ↑ Also known as the Dutch-German "left."
  2. ↑ Also known as the Italian "left."
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