Neo-fascism
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Neo-fascism are the reactionary movements and trends which emerged after the defeat of the initial fascist movements in the Second World War which exist into the present day. Similar to their previous iterations, modern fascist movements seek to implement a terrorist dictatorship of the most backward and reactionary segments of the bourgeoisie. Neo-fascists, however, often conceal their relationship to the prototypical fascist movements and states of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini through various means to better incorporate themselves into bourgeois democracy as a temporary measure to eventually seize full power when the capitalist system enters into crisis.
Neo-fascist movements have gained power in a variety of countries, including Augusto Pinochet in Chile,[1] Syngman Rhee in South Korea, and Donald Trump in the United States.[2]
Neo-fascist movements
Neo-Nazism
Neo-Nazism, by its most general meaning, refers to the adherence to Nazism after the Second World War. Neo-Nazis are highly racist, often white supremacist and anti-Semitic, conspiratorial, and reactionary. Neo-Nazism is heavily linked with the "alt-right", and can be viewed as a particular form of neo-fascism. Neo-Nazis goals range from preforming terrorist actions against perceived racial "enemies" to starting a race war and creating a white ethnostate.
Strasserism
Strasserism is a third positionist ideology based on Nazism. Strasserism is based on the works of Gregor and Otto Strasser, who were both associated with the National Socialist German Workers' Party. Strasserism calls for a more "socialistic" form of regular Nazism. However, much like Nazism, Strasserism is anti-Semitic and seeks to preserve private ownership above all else.[3]
Eco-fascism
Ecofascism refers to the ideological trends that combine nominal environmentalism with ultranationalism and xenophobia. Ecofascists view Earth as a malthusian battleground between racial and ethnic groups, and think that ecological harmony is tied with ethnic or racial mono-dominance. To combat climate change, ecofascists believe not only in things such as eugenics, but also in the purging of ethnic minorites, by means of forced relocation or genocide.[4]
Alt-right
The term "alt-right" refers to a loose grouping of far-right extremists largely based on the internet. Alt-righters are often "white nationalists" (white supremacists), neo-Nazis, highly misogynistic, and otherwise hateful. Many alt-righters claim to be promoting a form of identity politics, that is, for the support of white people or white males in particular against perceived repression from ethnic minorities and females. Many other alt-righters are openly white-supremacist and otherwise seek to create a white ethno-state, often motivated by fear-mongering reports of "illegal aliens" (non-white people) from the capitalist news.[5]
Fourth Political Theory
In 2009, the russian political theorist Aleksandr Dugin formulated the fourth political theory. The other three were liberalism, fascism, and Marxism-Leninism. The fourth political theory, as Dugin claims, takes the "negative" aspects of each and combines the positive aspects of the three to create a "timeless" ideology. The fourth political theory, along with Aleksandr Dugin's other ideas, have been used by the eurasianist movement and other far-right groups.[6]
Esoteric Nazism
Esoteric Nazism refers to any form of Nazism that integrates racialism into a mystical or theological system. Esoteric Nazis often view the "Aryan" race as having come from some otherworldly place, often the legendary land of hyperborea. Esoteric Nazi often frequently exploit symbols and icons from European Pagan traditions.
Trumpism
Created out of an environment of economic turmoil in the United States of America, Trumpism refers to the ultranationalistic, xenophobic, and populist political trends that were created as a result of multi-billionaire president Donald Trump’s rule, particularly in the USA and Canada. Trumpism can be seen in neo-fascist extremist groups such as the Proud Boys, Three Percenters, and Oathkeepers.
Trump’s rule ended in an attempted putsch of the American government, mainly done by the far-right paramilitary groups mentioned above. The putsch, was motivated by conspiracy theories about the 2020 election being rigged in favor of the Democratic Party as well as Trump’s personal agitation.
See also
- Fascism
- Neo-Nazism
- Conspiracy theory
- White supremacy
- List of fascist states § Current fascist states
References
- ↑ Ravelli, G., Bull, A.C. (2018). The Pinochet Regime and the Trans-nationalization of Italian Neo-fascism. In: Leeson, R. (eds) Hayek: A Collaborative Biography. Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91358-2_9
- ↑ June Vass (March 3, 2025). "Parallels of Tyranny: MAGA and Nazism". The Red Phoenix. Retrieved March 16, 2025.
- ↑ https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9780429060076-3/federal-republic-germany-christopher-husbands
- ↑ https://www.dw.com/en/what-is-eco-fascism-the-greenwashing-of-the-far-right-terrorism-climate-change-buffalo-shooter/a-61867605%7Cretrieved=2022-6-21
- ↑ =https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/alt-right
- ↑ https://www.devolutionreview.com/existence-above-individuals-disentangling-dugins-fourth-political-theory-and-rage-against-postmodernism/