Dialectics

Dialectics are the doctrine of the most general laws of formation, development, the internal source of which is seen in the unity and struggle of opposites. In this sense, the dialectics, beginning with Hegel, is contrasted with metaphysics - a way of thinking that considers things and phenomena as unchanged and independent of each other. According to the characteristics of Vladimir Lenin, dialectics are the doctrine of development in its most complete, deep and free form, and the doctrine of the relativity of human knowledge, which gives us a reflection of ever-evolving matter.

In the history of dialectics, the following main stages are distinguished: spontaneous, naive Dialectic of ancient thinkers; Dialectics of Renaissance philosophers; idealistic dialectics of German classical philosophy; dialectics of Russian revolutionary democrats of the 19 century; and the Marxist-Leninist materialistic dialectics as the highest form of modern dialectics. The philosophy of Marxism received a scientifically-based and consistent expression of the unity of materialism and the dialectic of the dynamical and consistent expression of the unity of materialism and the dialectics of materialism.

See also

• Dialectical materialism
• Historical materialism